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1.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Porto Alegre ; 64(1): e132418, dez 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1526307

ABSTRACT

Aim: To analyze the perceptions of public service dentists on informational aspects regarding patient safety in dental care. Materials and methods: Descriptive research in which a composite outcome was constructed to present the perceptions of research subjects on the subject. The outcome proposes the perception of three informational aspects related to patient safety: knowledge about the notification system, knowledge about the National Patient Safety Program (PNSP) and information about safety available in the workplace. Data collection took place online, through a self-administered questionnaire, with dental surgeons working in the public health service in Porto Alegre/RS. Results: Of the total number of 47 participants, 74.4% were women, 91.4% declared themselves to be white, 65.9% were 31 years of age or older, 74.5% had graduated more than five years and 59.6% worked in the Unified Health System for more than 5 years. The prevalence of the outcome was 12.8%. When separately analyzing each outcome variable, the prevalence was 34% for knowledge about the reporting system, 34% for the knowledge in regards of the National Patient Security Program and for the presence of information available in the workplace was 38.3%. Discussion: The results point to the need to work on informational issues with these professionals so that in the stressful day-to-day work, patient safety is something naturally present during dental care in the workspaces. Conclusion: It is concluded that reports of dental incidents were few and the informational context on the subject needs to be worked on so that patient safety is always the focus of attention in dental practice.


Objetivo: Analisar as percepções de cirurgiões-dentistas do serviço público sobre aspectos informacionais a respeito da segurança do paciente no cuidado odontológico. Materiais e métodos: Pesquisa descritiva em que um desfecho composto foi construído para apresentar as percepções dos sujeitos de pesquisa sobre o tema. O desfecho propõe a percepção positiva de três aspectos informacionais relacionados à segurança do paciente: conhecimento acerca do sistema de notificações, conhecimento sobre o Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente (PNSP) e informações sobre segurança disponíveis no local de trabalho. A coleta de dados aconteceu online, por meio de um questionário autoaplicável, com cirurgiões-dentistas trabalhadores do serviço público de saúde de Porto Alegre/RS. Resultados: Participaram deste estudo 47 cirurgiões(ãs)-dentistas, sendo 74,4% mulheres, 91,4% autodeclarados da raça/cor branca, 65,9% possuíam 31 anos ou mais de idade, 74,5% estavam formados há mais de cinco anos e 59,6% trabalhavam no Sistema Único de Saúde há mais de cinco anos. A prevalência do desfecho composto foi de 12,8%. Observou-se que as prevalências foram de 34% para o conhecimento sobre o Sistema de Notificação e, 34% para o conhecimento sobre o Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente e 38,3% para a presença de informações disponíveis no local de trabalho. Discussão: Os resultados apontam a necessidade de trabalhar questões informacionais com estes profissionais de maneira que no dia a dia estressante de trabalho a segurança do paciente seja algo naturalmente presente durante o cuidado odontológico nos espaços de trabalho. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os relatos de incidentes odontológicos foram poucos e o contexto informacional sobre o tema necessita ser trabalhado para que a segurança do paciente seja sempre foco de atenção na prática odontológica.

2.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 99(3): 228-234, May-June 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440466

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective Describe the epidemiological profile and social-economic burden that hydrocephalus patients represent to the national public health system, using data available at the online database of the Brazilian Health Ministry (DataSUS). Methods This is a populational study based on descriptive statistics of all clinical and surgical appointments included in the DataSUS database. Data included herein were collected between 2015 and 2021 and subdivided into three main groups, related to hydrocephalus incidence and mortality, hospitalizations, and financial costs. Results In the study period, 3993 new cases of congenital hydrocephalus were diagnosed, with 6051 deaths overall. The mortality rate in the country was 1.5/100000 live births and the prevalence was 0.374/100000 inhabitants. The number of hospitalizations resulting from treatment procedures and complications of hydrocephalus was 137,880 and there was a reduction of up to 27.2% during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemics concerning previous years. Total costs for hydrocephalus management in the country amounted to 140,610,585.51 dollars. Conclusions Hydrocephalus has a significant impact on public health budgets and pediatric mortality rates; however, it is probably underestimated, due to the paucity of demographic data and epidemiological studies in Latin America and, specifically, in Brazil. The dataSUS also has several limitations in accessing certain data related to hydrocephalus, making it difficult to have a more assertive understanding of the disease in Brazil. The results of this study provide important guidance for future research projects in clinical and experimental hydrocephalus and also the creation of public policies for better governance and care of hydrocephalus patients.

3.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 35: e043, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1249365

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Numerous studies have reported abnormalities in the development of oral structures in congenital infections that also involve microcephaly. In this context, it is necessary to identify possible dental anomalies of shape and/or number in patients with Zika virus syndrome using radiography. The study population consisted of 35 children born with congenital ZIKV who underwent intraoral radiographic examinations for 24 consecutive months. A modified periapical technique was performed in an occlusal position for the maxilla and mandible. Categorical data were expressed as absolute and percentage frequencies and compared using Pearson's Chi-square test, with a 95% confidence interval. Of the entire sample, eight children (22.8%) had dental anomalies of shape and/or number, and four children (11.4%) presented with both anomalies, with agenesis of the upper and lower deciduous/permanent incisors and dental form modifications, such as microdontia and anomalous cusps. When we considered age and sex, there was no statistically significant difference between patients who presented with agenesis and those who presented with modifications. Children with congenital Zika virus syndrome were more likely to have dental modifications in the number and shape of their teeth, and it is essential to implement medium- to long-term monitoring to diagnose other possible alterations throughout the development of the mixed and permanent dentition, favoring their treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Tooth Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging , Zika Virus , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/diagnostic imaging , Microcephaly/diagnostic imaging , Mandible
4.
Femina ; 49(9): 572-576, 2021. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1342327

ABSTRACT

A dismenorreia é a queixa ginecológica mais comum em mulheres jovens adultas, com um índice que varia entre 43% e 93% das mulheres que menstruam. A dismenorreia membranosa (DM), uma subclassificação da dismenorreia, é definida como a descida espontânea de tecido endometrial pela vagina, cursando com dor em có- lica intensa e súbita. O relato de caso descrito evidencia três episódios típicos de DM, com recorrência em três vezes distintas, após uso do mesmo anticoncepcional oral combinado de baixa dosagem. Esta publicação é importante para a comunidade científica devido à escassez de informações e artigos científicos publicados sobre o assunto, propondo a elucidação de alguns aspectos sobre o tema.(AU)


Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological complaint in young adult women, with an index that varies between 43% and 93% of women who menstruate. Membranous dysmenorrhea (MD) is a subclassification of dysmenorrhea and is defined as the spontaneous descent of endometrial tissue through the vagina, leading to severe and sudden colic pain. The case report described shows three typical episodes of MD, with recurrence three times after the use of the same low-dose combined oral contraceptive. This publication is important for the scientific community due to the scarcity of information and scientific articles published about this subject, proposing to elucidate some aspects about this theme.(AU


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Dysmenorrhea/complications , Dysmenorrhea/diagnosis , Dysmenorrhea/etiology , Dysmenorrhea/therapy , Progesterone/adverse effects , Women's Health , Contraceptives, Oral, Combined/adverse effects
5.
Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol. (Online) ; 24(1): e200351, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1251289

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo Fazer um mapeamento e uma discussão sobre o conhecimento científico envolvendo o objeto de pesquisa Condições de saúde bucal e depressão em idosos institucionalizados. Método Revisão de Escopo do tipo mapeamento da literatura. O mapeamento dos dados selecionados foi feito pela técnica de sistematização de dados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo Somativa na perspectiva de Temas Manifestos nos textos. Após as exclusões foram selecionados 27 artigos. Resultados Com a análise dos artigos foi possível dividi-los em dois temas. Todos os continentes possuem publicações acerca do tema. Sobre sua metodologia, muitas pesquisas com desenho de estudos dedutivos foram realizadas e poucas pesquisas foram desenvolvidas com métodos indutivos. Conclusão O presente estudo identificou que existe uma interlocução entre algumas condições de saúde bucal (xerostomia e perda dentária) e prevalência de transtornos depressivos em idosos institucionalizados.


Abstract Objective To map and discuss scientific knowledge involving the research object Oral health conditions and depression in institutionalized old people. Method Scope review of the literature mapping type. The mapping of the selected data was done using the data systematization technique through the Summative Content Analysis from the perspective of Manifest Themes in the texts. After the exclusions, 27 articles were selected. Results With the analysis of the articles it was possible to divide them into two themes. All continents have publications on the topic. Regarding its methodology, a lot of research with the design of deductive studies was carried out and few researches were developed with inductive methods. Conclusion The present study identified that there is a communication between some oral health conditions (xerostomia and tooth loss) and the prevalence of depressive disorders in institutionalized old people.

6.
J. Health Biol. Sci. (Online) ; 8(1): 1-6, 20200101. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1129911

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the radioprotective effect of a homeopathic solution in salivary function and parotid glands morphology of irradiated rats. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 150 rats randomly divided into 6 groups. The groups were named based on the substance administered: Control- saline solution; Irradiated Control- saline solution and 15 Gy of X radiation; Alcohol-hydroalcoholic solution dynamized at 15 CH; Irradiated Alcohol- hydroalcoholic solution dynamized at 15 CH and 15 Gy of X radiation; Homeopathy- 0.25 ml (1mL/kg) of the irradiated hydroalcoholic solution and dynamized at 15 CH; Irradiated homeopathy- homeopathic solution and 15 Gy of X radiation. Each group was subdivided into 5 different subgroups, based on the time point of euthanasia: 12 hours, 3, 10, 17, and 24 days. The medication was administered for 7 days before and 7 days after the radiation treatment. On the day of euthanasia, salivation was induced with pilocarpine and collected. The animals were then sacrificed and the parotid glands were removed. Results: Salivary function analysis showed that only group irradiated homeopathy euthanized on day 17 had a statistically significant difference when compared to other irradiated groups, presenting a higher salivation flow rate. The only group that showed a statistically significant difference in the number of acini over time was the irradiated alcohol group, which presented a tendency of reduction. Conclusion: The homeopathic solution presented a late radioprotective effect based on salivary function and morphological analysis of the parotid gland.


Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito radioprotetor de uma solução homeopática na função salivar e na morfologia das glândulas parótidas de ratos irradiados. Materiais e Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 150 ratos divididos aleatoriamente em 6 grupos. Os grupos foram nomeados com base na substância administrada: solução salina controle; Solução salina controle irradiada e 15 Gy de radiação X; Solução álcool-hidroalcoólica dinamizada a 15 CH; Solução hidroalcoólica de álcool irradiado dinamizada a 15 CH e 15 Gy de radiação X; Homeopatia - 0,25 ml (1mL / kg) da solução hidroalcoólica irradiada e dinamizada a 15 CH; Homeopatia irradiada - solução homeopática e 15 Gy de radiação X. Cada grupo foi subdividido em 5 subgrupos diferentes, com base no tempo da eutanásia: 12 horas, 3, 10, 17 e 24 dias. O medicamento foi administrado por 7 dias antes e 7 dias após o tratamento com radiação. No dia da eutanásia, a salivação foi induzida com pilocarpina e coletada. Os animais foram então sacrificados e as glândulas parótidas foram removidas. Resultados: A análise da função salivar mostrou que apenas a homeopatia irradiada por grupo sacrificada no dia 17 apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante quando comparada a outros grupos irradiados, apresentando maior taxa de fluxo de salivação. O único grupo que apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante no número de ácinos ao longo do tempo foi o grupo álcool irradiado, o qual apontou uma tendência de redução. Conclusão: A solução homeopática apresentou efeito radioprotetor tardio baseado na função salivar e na análise morfológica da glândula parótida.


Subject(s)
Parotid Gland , Homeopathy , Radiotherapy , Salivary Glands , Salivation , Therapeutics , X-Rays
7.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 53: e20190443, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1101452

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Herein, we aimed to identify the factors associated with adverse drug events (ADEs) in chronic Chagas disease (CD) patients. METHODS: We analyzed 320 medical notes from 295 patients. The Naranjo algorithm was applied to determine the cause of ADEs. Mixed effects logistic regression was performed to evaluate the factors associated with ADEs. RESULTS: ADEs were described in 102 medical notes (31.9%). Captopril was most frequently associated with ADEs. Age (RR 0.96; 95%CI 0.94-0.99) and cardiac C/D stages (RR 3.24; 95%CI 1.30-4.58) were the most important clinical factors associated with ADEs. CONCLUSIONS: Close follow-up is warranted for CD patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Algorithms , Brazil/epidemiology , Chronic Disease , Middle Aged
8.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 33: e082, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019606

ABSTRACT

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the internal configuration of the maxillary molars of a population from the Northeast region of Brazil. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) exams from 512 patients (1501 teeth) were evaluated regarding the anatomical configuration of the root canal system, according to Vertucci's classification. The images were obtained using a Prexion 3D scanner operating at 90 kVp and 4 mA. The voxel size was 0.125 mm and the cut thickness was 1 mm. The images were then analyzed in the Prexion 3D Viewer software. The data were analyzed statistically by Pearson's chi-square test, with 5% of significance. The first and second molars presented three roots in 99.14% and 87.27% of the cases, respectively. In relation to the number of canals, the first and second molars had a significantly higher frequency of three and four root canals respectively, presenting a higher prevalence of types I and II (p < 0.001). The second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) was observed in 48.21% and 22.72% of the first and second molars, respectively (p < 0.001). The identification of the MB2 canal was greater in young and adult patients (p < 0.001), presenting a higher prevalence in male patients (p < 0.001). The internal configuration of the MB root was influenced by gender and by age, presenting a higher prevalence of the MB2 in male patients younger than 50 years of age.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Dental Pulp Cavity/anatomy & histology , Dental Pulp Cavity/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , Molar/anatomy & histology , Molar/diagnostic imaging , Reference Values , Brazil , Sex Factors , Age Factors , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Maxilla , Middle Aged
9.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 30(2): 303-310, 2015. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1005

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome de Proteus é uma doença complexa e rara, classificada nos grupo das hamartoses. Foi primeiramente descrita em dois pacientes, em 1979, por Cohen e Hayden. Existe dificuldade no diagnóstico, sendo comum a confusão com síndromes de Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber, neurofibromatose ou Stuge-Weber. Apresentamos dois casos tratados no Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica e Reparadora da Universidade Federal do Paraná. MÉTODO: Paciente masculino (caso 1), que chegou ao serviço aos 6 anos de idade, tendo como principais apresentações lipomatoses e assimetrias. A segunda paciente (caso 2) deu entrada no serviço com 20 anos de idade e diagnóstico de síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber, que posteriormente mostrou se tratar de síndrome de Proteus. CONCLUSÃO: A hipótese etiológica mais aceita para a doença é genética. Acredita-se que exista mosaicismo somático e que a doença seja letal no estado não mosaico. Morte prematura é bastante frequente. Entretanto, a sequela mais comum é a ocorrência de tumores incomuns. O cuidado dos pacientes portadores da síndrome é um desafio devido às suas consequências médicas e psicossociais.


INTRODUCTION: Proteus syndrome is a complex and rare disorder classified as a hamartomatous disease. It was first described in two patients in 1979, by Cohen and Hayden. Proteus syndrome is difficult to diagnose, and is often confused with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, neurofibromatosis, or Sturge-Weber syndrome. In this study we describe two patients who were treated at the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service of the Federal University of Paraná. METHOD: A 6-year-old male patient (case 1) presented to the Service with lipomatosis and asymmetry, as the primary findings. A 20-year-old (case 2) was admitted to the Service with a diagnosis of Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, which later was shown to be Proteus syndrome. CONCLUSION: The etiological hypothesis that is most accepted for this disease is genetic. It is believed that somatic mosaicism may occur during pathogenesis, which can be lethal in the mosaic state. Premature death is common. However, the most common sequelae are the occurrence of unusual tumors. The care of patients with this syndrome is a challenge due to medical and psychosocial consequences.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , History, 21st Century , Young Adult , Surgery, Plastic , Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple , Proteus Syndrome , Rare Diseases , Gigantism , Hamartoma , Genetic Diseases, Inborn , Lipomatosis , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple/surgery , Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple/mortality , Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple/pathology , Proteus Syndrome/surgery , Proteus Syndrome/pathology , Rare Diseases/pathology , Gigantism/surgery , Gigantism/pathology , Hamartoma/surgery , Hamartoma/pathology , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/surgery , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/pathology , Lipomatosis/surgery , Lipomatosis/pathology
10.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 36(3): 365-369, jul.-set. 2014. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-848571

ABSTRACT

Tereancistrum paranaensis sp. n. is described from the gills of Schizodon borellii (Boulenger 1900) (Characiformes) from the upper Paraná river floodplain, Brazil. The new species is mainly characterized by morphology of copulatory complex, dorsal anchor with shaft recurved and pointed and arc-shaped dorsal bar. Tereancistrum parvus was described based on only one specimen and some characteristics were not observed. Now we provide an emendation to the diagnosis of this species.


Tereancistrum paranaensis sp. n. é descrito de brânquias de Schizodon borellii (Boulenger 1900) (Characiformes) da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, Brasil. A nova espécie é caracterizada principalmente pela morfologia do complexo copulatório, âncora dorsal com lâmina curvada e pontiaguda e barra dorsal em forma de arco. Tereancistrum parvus foi descrito baseado em somente um espécime e não foram observadas algumas características. Neste estudo, além da descrição de uma espécie, uma emenda na diagnose de T. parvus é apresentada.


Subject(s)
Characiformes , Ectoparasitic Infestations , Fishes
11.
Acta cir. bras ; 27(12): 885-891, dez. 2012. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-657973

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the capacity of natural latex membrane to accelerate and improve the regeneration quality of the of rat sciatic nerves. METHODS: Forty male adult Wistar rats were used, anesthetized and operated to cut the sciatic nerve and receive an autograft or a conduit made with a membrane derived from natural latex (Hevea brasiliensis). Four or eight weeks after surgery, to investigate motor nerve recovery, we analyzed the neurological function by walking pattern (footprints analysis and computerized treadmill), electrophysiological evaluation and histological analysis of regenerated nerve (autologous nerve graft or tissue cables between the nerve stumps), and anterior tibial and gastrocnemius muscles. RESULTS: All functional and morphological analysis showed that the rats transplanted with latex conduit had a better neurological recovery than those operated with autologous nerve: quality of footprints, performance on treadmill (p<0.01), electrophysiological response (p<0.05), and quality of histological aspects on neural regeneration. CONCLUSION: The data reported showed behavioral and functional recovery in rats implanted with latex conduit for sciatic nerve repair, supporting a complete morphological and physiological regeneration of the nerve.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a capacidade de uma membrana de látex natural em acelerar e melhorar a qualidade da regeneração do nervo ciático seccionado de ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 40 ratos machos adultos da linhagem Wistar, anestesiados e operados com autoenxerto ou com interposição de um tubo confeccionado com uma membrana derivada do latex natural (Havea brasiliensis). Quatro ou oito semanas após a cirurgia, para investigar a recuperação motora do nervo, foram analisadas a função neurológica através do padrão da marcha (análise das pegadas e esteira computadorizada), avaliação eletrofisiológica e análise histológica do nervo regenerado (enxerto de nervo autólogo ou formação de nervo novo entre os cotos nervosos) e músculos gastrocnêmio e tibial anterior. RESULTADOS: Todas as análises morfológicas e funcionais demonstraram que os ratos transplantados com o conduto de látex tiveram recuperação melhor do que aqueles operados com nervo autólogo: qualidade das pegadas impressas, desempenho em esteira (p<0,01), resposta eletrofisiológica (p<0,05), e qualidade histológica da regeneração nervosa. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados apresentados demonstraram recuperação comportamental e funcional nos ratos implantados com o conduto de látex para a reparação do nervo ciático por meio de uma completa regeneração morfológica e fisiológica do nervo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Latex/therapeutic use , Nerve Regeneration , Sciatic Nerve/physiology , Nerve Tissue/anatomy & histology , Rats, Wistar , Sciatic Nerve/surgery , Wound Healing/physiology
12.
Acta cir. bras ; 27(11): 768-772, Nov. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-654243

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the accuracy of 1.0T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to measure the ventricular size in experimental hydrocephalus in pup rats. METHODS: Wistar rats were subjected to hydrocephalus by intracisternal injection of 20% kaolin (n=13). Ten rats remained uninjected to be used as controls. At the endpoint of experiment animals were submitted to MRI of brain and killed. The ventricular size was assessed using three measures: ventricular ratio (VR), the cortical thickness (Cx) and the ventricles area (VA), performed on photographs of anatomical sections and MRI. RESULTS: The images obtained through MR present enough quality to show the lateral ventricular cavities but not to demonstrate the difference between the cortex and the white matter, as well as the details of the deep structures of the brain. There were no statistically differences between the measures on anatomical sections and MRI of VR and Cx (p=0.9946 and p=0.5992, respectively). There was difference between VA measured on anatomical sections and MRI (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The parameters obtained through 1.0T MRI were sufficient in quality to individualize the ventricular cavities and the cerebral cortex, and to calculate the ventricular ratio in hydrocephalus rats when compared to their respective anatomic slice.


OBJETIVO: Investigar a fidelidade das Imagens de Ressonância Magnética de 1,0T no estudo do tamanho ventricular na hidrocefalia experimental em ratos jovens. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar foram submetidos à hidrocefalia através da injeção intracisternal de caulim 20%. Dez animais permaneceram sem injeção para uso como controles. Ao final do experimento, os animais foram submetidos à Ressonância magnética de encéfalo e sacrificados. O tamanho ventricular foi avaliado por três medidas: razão ventricular (VR), espessura cortical (Cx) e área ventricular (VA), tomadas em fotografias das secções anatômicas e nas imagens de ressonância magnética (RM). RESULTADOS: As imagens por RM apresentaram qualidade suficiente para individualizar os ventriculos laterais, mas a distinção entre córtex e substância branca, bem como detalhamento das estruturas profundas do encéfalo não foram possíveis. Quando comparadas as medidas em seções anatômicas e RM, não houve diferença estatística entre as médias de razão ventricular e espessura cortical (p=0,9946 e p=0,5992, respectivamente). Houve diferença da área ventricular comparando-se as secções anatômicas e ressonância magnética (p<0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: Os parâmetros obtidos através de imagens da ressonância magnética de 1,0T foram suficientes para individualizar as cavidades ventriculares e o córtex cerebral, e para calcular o tamanho ventricular em ratos hidrocefálicos quando comparados aos seus respectivos cortes anatômicos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Cerebral Ventricles/pathology , Hydrocephalus/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Cerebral Cortex/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Organ Size , Rats, Wistar , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results
13.
Acta cir. bras ; 26(supl.2): 8-14, 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-602637

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze the ventricular enlargement and myelination of the corpus callosum in adult dogs after four and eight weeks of kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus. METHODS: 36 dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1 - without hydrocephalus, 2 - kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus until the fourth week, and 3 - kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus until the eighth week. Ventricular ratios and volumes were calculated using magnetic resonance images, and myelination of the corpus callosum were histologically evaluated using solocromo-cianin stain. RESULTS: Radiological hydrocephalus was observed in 93.75 percent and overall mortality was 38.4 percent. Ventricular volumes and ratios were higher in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 and similar when measures in the fourth and eighth weeks were compared in the group 3. Indices of luminescence in the knee and in the splenium of the corpus callosum were higher in group 2 than in group 1 indicating that there was loss of myelin in group 2, and similar in groups 1 and 3, showing a tendency to remyelination after 8 weeks. CONCLUSION: The corpus callosum of dogs with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus responds with demyelination of the knee and splenium by the fourth week with a tendency to remyelination by the eighth week.


OBJETIVO: Analisar a dilatação ventricular e a mielinização do corpo caloso em cães adultos após quatro e oito semanas da indução de hidrocefalia por caulin. MÉTODOS: 36 cães foram aleatoriamente divididos em 3 grupos: 1- sem hidrocefalia, 2- quatro semanas de hidrocefalia induzida por caulin, 3- oito semanas de hidrocefalia induzida por caulin. As razões e volumes ventriculares foram calculados utilizando imagens de ressonância magnética, e, a mielinização do corpo caloso por estudo histológico (coloração com solocromo- cianina). RESULTADOS: Hidrocefalia foi observada radiologicamente em 93,75 por cento e a mortalidade global foi de 38,4 por cento. Os volumes e as razões ventriculares foram maiores nos grupos 2 e 3 em relação ao grupo 1 e semelhantes nas quarta e oitava semanas no grupo 3. Índices de luminescência no joelho e no esplênio do corpo caloso foram maiores no grupo 2 em relação ao grupo 1, indicando que houve perda de mielina no grupo 2, e semelhantes nos grupos 1 e 3, mostrando uma tendência à remielinização em torno de 8 semanas. CONCLUSÃO: O corpo caloso de cães com hidrocefalia induzida por caulin responde com desmielinização no joelho e esplênio em torno de quatro semanas com tendência à remielinização em torno da oitava semana.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Male , Cerebral Ventricles/physiopathology , Corpus Callosum/physiopathology , Disease Models, Animal , Heart Ventricles/physiopathology , Hydrocephalus/physiopathology , Kaolin , Aluminum Silicates , Cerebral Ventricles/pathology , Corpus Callosum/pathology , Hydrocephalus/chemically induced , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Myelin Sheath/physiology , Organ Size , Random Allocation , Reproducibility of Results , Time Factors
14.
ImplantNews ; 6(3): 277-283, maio-jun. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-523921

ABSTRACT

A reabilitação da maxila edêntula com uso de implantes normalmente é limitada pela baixa quantidade óssea e pela presença dos seios maxilares. Na tentativa da resolução dessas condições desfavoráveis, abordagens têm sido propostas, como enxertos ósseos, fixações zigomáticas, implantes curtos e implantes inclinados. Uma alternativa conservadora é o All-on-4, que consiste em uma prótese fixa suportada por quatro implantes, sendo os dois posteriores instalados com inclinação de até 45º junto à parede anterior do seio maxilar, e os dois anteriores instalados verticalmente. Entretanto, estudos biomecânicos de apenas quatro implantes suportando uma reconstrução total fixa de maxila são raros. Por meio do método dos elementos finitos 3D, analisou-se a distribuição de tensões geradas por simulação de carga funcional nos implantes. Um modelo 3D representando uma reabilitação com All-on-4 foi construído utilizando-se o software SolidWorks. Quatro carregamentos foram aplicados: (1) carga vertical (200 N) bilateral no cantiléver (primeiros molares), segundos (150N) e primeiros pré-molares (150 N) e caninos (100 N); (2) carga (50 N) horizontal unilateral no canino, (3) carga vertical (200 N) unilateral no cantiléver; (4) carga vertical (200 N) unilateral no segundo pré-molar, simulando ausência do cantiléver. Os resultados mostraram os pontos de maior tensão sempre se localizando na plataforma do implante distal inclinado do lado de aplicação da carga, com o valor máximo de 139,4 MPa. A presença do cantiléver aumentou a tensão no implante distal em 92%. Concluiu-se que os valores máximos de tensões encontrados estão abaixo do limiar de fratura do titânio e que cantiléver deve sempre ser minimizado ou eliminado.


The rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla using dental implants is usually limited by poor bone density and by the presence of the maxillary sinuses. Attempts to resolve these unfavorable conditions include bone grafts, zygomatic fixtures, short implants and tilted implants. A conservative alternative is the All-on-4, which consists of a fixed full prosthesis supported by four implants, with the two posterior implants tilted until 45o. However, biomechanical studies of only 4 implants supporting a full maxillary fixed reconstruction are rare. Using the 3D finite element method, the stress distribution in implants generated by the simulation of functional masticatory loads was analyzed. A 3D model of an "All-on-4" rehabilitation was built assisted by the software SolidWorks. Four different loads were applied: (1) vertical simultaneous load (200 N) on cantilever (1st molar), 2nd (150 N) and 1st molars (150 N) premolars and canines (100 N), (2) horizontal load (50 N) on unilateral canine, (3) vertical load (200 N) on unilateral cantilever; (4) vertical load (200 N) unilaterally in the 2nd premolar, simulating the absence of the cantilever. The results showed the points of greatest tension located on the platform of the distal implant, and the maximum value observed was 139.4 MPa. Cantilever maximized the tension in 92% in the distal implant. It was concluded that the maximum tension value found is lower than the tensile strength of the titanium and that cantilever must be minimized or eliminated.


Subject(s)
Biomechanical Phenomena , Computer-Aided Design , Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Prostheses and Implants
15.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 66(3b): 725-730, set. 2008. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-495542

ABSTRACT

Cerebral ischemia is an important event in clinical and surgical neurological practice since it is one of the diseases that most compromise the human species. In the present study 40 adult rats were submitted to periods of focal ischemia of 30, 60 and 90 min without reperfusion and animals submitted to a sham procedure were used as controls. We analyzed the levels of ATP, malondialdehyde and caspase-3. No significant differences in the biochemical measurements were observed between the right and left brain hemispheres of the same animal in each experimental group. Reduced ATP levels were observed after the three periods of ischemia compared to the sham group. No significant increase in malondialdehyde or caspase-3 levels was observed. Despite significant changes in ATP levels, the results indicated cell viability in the ischemic region as shown by the low rates of lipid peroxidation and apoptosis, findings probably related to the lack of reperfusion.


Isquemia cerebral é um acontecimento importante na prática neurológica clínica e cirúrgica, uma vez que é uma das doenças que mais comprometem a espécie humana. No presente estudo 40 ratos adultos foram submetidos a períodos de isquemia focal de 30, 60 e 90 min e como controle foram utilizados animais do grupo sham. Foram analisados os níveis de ATP, malondialdeído e caspase-3. Nenhuma diferença significativa nas dosagens bioquímicas foram observadas entre os hemisférios cerebrais direito e esquerdo do mesmo animal em cada grupo experimental. Foi observada redução nos níveis de ATP após os três períodos de isquemia, em comparação com o grupo sham. Nenhum aumento significativo dos níveis de malondialdeído ou caspase-3 foi observado. Apesar das alterações significativas nos níveis ATP, os resultados indicaram viabilidade celular na região isquêmica como demonstrado pela baixa taxa de peroxidação lipídica e apoptose, achados que provavelmente estão relacionados com a falta de reperfusão.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Adenosine Triphosphate/analysis , /analysis , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/metabolism , Malondialdehyde/analysis , Apoptosis , Lipid Peroxidation , Oxidative Stress , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors
16.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(4a): 974-977, dez. 2007. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-470125

ABSTRACT

Hydrocephalus is one of the most frequent and complex neurological diseases characterized by the abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain, due to an altered CSF dynamics. To detect possible ultrastructural alterations of the lateral ventricles choroid plexus (responsible for the CSF production), rats seven days after birth were submitted to an intracisternal injection of 20 percent kaolim (hydrated aluminum silicate) for the hydrocephalus induction. Twenty-eight or 35 days after injection, injected animals and respective controls were processed for observation under a transmission electron microscopy. Alterations found: presence of concentric cell membrane fragments, larger number of primary and secondary lysossomes, vacuoles, and cytoplasmic vesicles, and an enlargement of the intercellular space and between the basolateral interdigitation of the choroid epithelium. The alterations observed are probably associated to an increase of the ventricular pressure, inducing morpho-functional effects on the choroid plexus integrity.


A hidrocefalia é uma das mais freqüentes e complexas doenças neurológicas caracterizada pelo acúmulo de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) no interior dos ventrículos cerebrais e conseqüente alteração na dinâmica liquórica. Para detectar as possíveis alterações ultra-estruturais nos plexos corióides dos ventrículos laterais (responsáveis pela produção do LCR), ratos sete dias após o nascimento, foram submetidos à indução de hidrocefalia pela injeção intracisternal de caulim a 20 por cento. Após 28 e 35 dias da injeção, estes animais e seus respectivos controles foram processados para observação em um microscópio eletrônico de transmissão. Alterações observadas: presença de membranas concêntricas, maior número de lisossomos primários e secundários, vacúolos e vesículas citoplasmáticas, aumento do espaço intercelular e entre as interdigitações basolaterais das células do epitélio corióideo. As alterações observadas possivelmente estão associadas ao aumento da pressão nos ventrículos, induzindo efeitos morfo-funcionais na integridade dos plexos corióides.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Choroid Plexus/ultrastructure , Hydrocephalus/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Rats, Wistar
17.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(3b): 810-815, set. 2007. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-465185

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of mild hypothermia during temporary focal ischemia in cats. METHOD: 20 cats underwent middle cerebral artery 60 minutes occlusion and 24 hours reperfusion: 10 under normothermia and 10 under mild hypothermia (32° C). Brain coronal sections 2mm thick were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium hydrochloride, photographed and evaluated with software for volume calculation. RESULTS:Cortical ischemia was found in 7 and basal ganglia ischemia in 8 animals of group 1 and in both regions in 5 animals of group 2 (no difference: p=0.6499 for cortical; p=0.3498 for basal ganglia). No ischemia was found in 5 animals of group 2 and in none of group 1 (significant difference, p=0.0325). The infarct volume was greater in group 1 than 2 (p=0.0433). CONCLUSION: Mild hypothermia did not interfere with location of ischemia, but it was effective for reducing the infarct volume.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito neuroprotetor da hipotermia leve na isquemia cerebral focal temporária em gatos. MÉTODO: Oclusão da artéria cerebral média durante 60 minutos e 24 horas de reperfusão em 10 gatos sob normotermia e 10 sob hipotermia leve (32° C). Secções cerebrais coronais de 2 mm coradas com 2,3,5-cloreto de trifeniltetrazolio, fotografadas e cálculos volumétricos (hemisférios/áreas isquêmicas) com programa específico. RESULTADOS: Isquemia cortical em 7 e nos gânglios da base em 8 animais do grupo 1 e em ambas as regiões em 5 animais do grupo 2 (sem diferença: p=0,6499 cortical; p=0,3498 gânglios da base). Cinco animais do grupo 2 e nenhum do grupo 1 não apresentaram isquemia (diferença significante, p=0,0325). O volume do infarto foi maior no grupo 1 (p=0,0433). CONCLUSÃO: Hipotermia leve não interferiu com a localização da isquemia mas foi eficaz para reduzir o volume do infarto.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Hypothermia, Induced , Ischemic Attack, Transient/therapy , Disease Models, Animal , Time Factors
18.
Acta cir. bras ; 18(supl.5): 10-14, 2003. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-358576

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Hydrocephalus causes countless cerebral damages, especially on the structures around the ventricles. Hydrocephalic children present deficiencies in the nonverbal skills more than in the verbal skills, and not always revertible with an early treatment. As the coreus callosum has an important role in the nonverbal acquisition it is possible that the injuries in this structure are responsible for the cognitive dysfunctions of these children. This present study tries to establish the alterations caused by hydrocephalus on the corpus callosum of developing Wistar rats, induced by intracisternal injection of kaolin. Methods: Seven, fourteen and twenty one days after the injection, the animais were killed, and the corpus callosum was dissected and prepared for the study of the axonal fibers. Results and Conclusion: The seven-day old rats in hydrocephalus development presented a delay in myelination in relation to the control rats. With the fourteen-day old rats in hydrocephalus development the coreus callosum showed a recovery of myelin, but with the twenty one-day old rats in hydrocephalus development the axonal fibers were damaged and reduced in number.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Corpus Callosum , Hydrocephalus , Kaolin , Myelin Sheath , Rats, Wistar
19.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1456096

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Hydrocephalus causes countless cerebral damages, especially on the structures around the ventricles. Hydrocephalic children present deficiencies in the nonverbal skills more than in the verbal skills, and not always revertible with an early treatment. As the corpus callosum has an important role in the nonverbal acquisition it is possible that the injuries in this structure are responsible for the cognitive dysfunctions of these children. This present study tries to establish the alterations caused by hydrocephalus on the corpus callosum of developing Wistar rats, induced by intracisternal injection of kaolin. METHODS : Seven, fourteen and twenty one days after the injection, the animals were killed, and the corpus callosum was dissected and prepared for the study of the axonal fibers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The seven-day old rats in hydrocephalus development presented a delay in myelination in relation to the control rats. With the fourteen-day old rats in hydrocephalus development the corpus callosum showed a recovery of myelin, but with the twenty one-day old rats in hydrocephalus development the axonal fibers were damaged and reduced in number.


OBJETIVO: A hidrocefalia causa inúmeros danos cerebrais, especialmente nas estruturas ao redor dos ventrículos cerebrais. As crianças com hidrocefalia apresentam déficits nas aquisições não verbais mais do que nas verbais, nem sempre revertidos com o tratamento precoce. Como o corpo caloso tem um papel essencial nas aquisições não verbais, é provável que as lesões nesta estrutura estejam envolvidas com as disfunções cognitivas dessas crianças. Este trabalho procura estabelecer as alterações causadas pela hidrocefalia, induzida pela injeção de caulim intracisternal ao corpo caloso de ratos Wistar em desenvolvimento. MÉTODOS: Sete, 14 e 21 dias após a injeção, os animais foram sacrificados, sendo o corpo caloso dissecado e processado para estudo das fibras axonais. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Os ratos com 7 dias de evolução da hidrocefalia apresentaram um atraso na mielinização em relação aos controles. Em ratos com 14 dias de evolução da hidrocefalia, o corpo caloso mostrou recuperação da mielina, mas em ratos com hidrocefalia com 21 dias de evolução, as fibras apresentavam-se lesadas e reduzidas em número.

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